Generated by All in One SEO v4.9.0, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site. # Vertebrate Antibodies Limited High quality antibodies for the scientific community, human and animal pathogens included ## Sitemaps - [XML Sitemap](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website. ## Posts - [Lyme VlsE Assay for Enhanced Borrelia Strain Detection](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/lyme-vlse-assay-for-enhanced-borrelia-strain-detection/) - We are thrilled to announce the launch of our new Lyme VlsE Assay, a cutting-edge diagnostic tool powered by our proprietary Epitogen® technology. This breakthrough assay marks a significant advancement in the fight against Lyme disease by enabling both strain-level identification and enhanced diagnostic sensitivity. Using Epitogen®, we have successfully expressed 27 full-length VlsE variants - [Vertebrate Antibodies Wins Scottish Knowledge Exchange Award](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/vertebrate-antibodies-wins-scottish-knowledge-exchange-award/) - We are thrilled to announce that Vertebrate Antibodies, in collaboration with the University of Aberdeen, has won a Scottish Knowledge Exchange Award 2024! This esteemed recognition highlights our pioneering work in AI-driven diagnostics and precision medicine, showcasing the power of industry-academia partnerships. Our collaboration with the University of Aberdeen has been instrumental in advancing research into autoimmune diseases and next-generation diagnostics. - [Immunity EpitoGen® COVID-19 ELISA Test](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/immunity-epitogen-covid-19-elisa-test/) - Immune memory, from either infection or immunization, is the source of long-term protective immunity. Antibodies are a key component of immune memory that can provide protection. The spike protein is the focus of most COVID-19 vaccines. Antibody responses to the spike protein and other viral proteins can be used as correlates of immunity. The Immunity - [EpitoGen Universal SARS-CoV-2 Assay](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/universal-epitogen-sars-cov-2-assay/) - Universal EpitoGen® SARS-CoV-2 ELISA assay At a population level, the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 is heterogeneous. In the course of our development of EpitoGen SARS-CoV-2 assays we observed that significant numbers of samples were only reactive for either the Spike or Nucleocapsid antigen alone. Therefore, traditional antibody assays expressing either the Spike or Nucleocapsid antigen - [The first AI-EpitoGen COVID Antibody Assays](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/the-first-ai-epitogen-covid-antibody-assays/) - EpitoGen Technology and AiBiologics machine learning software (EpitopePredikt) were employed to develop a set of unique, highly sensitive SARS-Cov-2 ELISA assays. EpitopePredikt was used to scan SARS-CoV-2 antigen and identify immunodominant epitopes. The epitopes were then expressed in combination using EpitoGen Technology and validated for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in collaboration with researchers from the - [EpitoGen Technology News](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/epitogen-technology-news/) - EpitoGen Technology is a novel epitope/peptide expression platform. The epitope antigen (Epitogen) is fused in the middle of an inert scaffold protein and displayed on the top of the scaffold ideally suited to a number of antigen/antibody-based assays such as ELISA and lateral flow. The technology was developed by Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd in collaboration with - [VAL to use proprietary AI and recombinant technologies to fight Covid-19](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/vertebrate-antibodies-will-utilise-its-proprietary-ai-and-recombinant-technologies-to-tackle-covid-19/) - Vertebrate Antibodies will utilise its proprietary AI and recombinant technologies to tackle Covid-19 Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd (VAL) is joining forces with leading scientists and clinicians from University of Aberdeen and NHS Grampian. Existing tests can be unreliable and are not suited to rapid and mass deployment. This project, funded by the Scottish Government, will employ - [VAL Welcomes the New Director of Commercialisation](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/val-welcomes-the-new-director-of-commercialisation/) - 4th October 2019 VAL is pleased to confirm the appointment of Richard Atkins as Director of Commercialisation. He will lead the marketing and business development of VAL’s projects. About Richard Atkins For over 30 years Richard has become very commercially driven with significant strategic, communication and growth skills. Having held senior positions in Retail (Argyll - [VAL Welcomes the New Director of Biologicals](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/val-welcomes-the-new-director-of-biologicals/) - 1st October 2019 VAL is pleased to confirm the appointment of Dr Tiehui Wang as Director of Biologicals. He will be the head of the Recombinat Division and generate active proteins for research and animal health. About Dr Tiehui Wang Dr Tiehui Wang is a leading immunologist with a research focus on regulation of fish - [Recent Publications from Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd (VAL).](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/recent-publications-from-vertebrate-antibodies-ltd-val/) - The Journal of Pathology An abstract of the work presented at the Leeds Pathology Conference (2-4 July, 2019) has now been published in The Journal of Pathology, Volume 249 (Issue S1) Page S56. The supplement can be accessed through Wiley Online Library( WOL) View the abstract here. International Journal of Cancer VAL developed four monoclonal - [June 19th 2019 - Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre Presentation](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/june-19th-2019-scottish-fish-immunology-research-centre-presentation/) - Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre PresentationYehfang Hu (Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, University of Aberdeen) attended the International Conference on Fish and Shellfish Immunology in Gran Canaria, Spain. Yehfang Hu gave a presentation entitled: Induction of IL-22 protein and IL-22-producing cells in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Two monoclonal antibodies to salmonid IL-22 were produced to - [Leeds Pathology 2019 Conference (2-4 July | Harrogate, UK)](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/leeds-pathology-2019-conference-2-4-july-harrogate-uk/) - Leeds Pathology 2019 Conference (2-4 July | Harrogate, UK)At the Leeds Pathology 2019 Conference, Dr Abdo Alnabulsi (KTP Associate Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd, University of Aberdeen) presented a poster with the title: A Prognostic Signature of Brown Fat-Associated Proteins in Colorectal Cancer. Click here for more information - [KTP Associate Conference 2019 (20-21 June | Belfast, UK)](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/ktp-associate-conference-2019-20-21-june-belfast-uk/) - KTP Associate Conference 2019 (20-21 June | Belfast, UK)Dr Abdo Alnabulsi, KTP Associate Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd-University of Aberdeen, attended the KTP Associate Conference in Belfast, UK. Abdo Alnabulsi gave a presentation entitled: The Development of Antibodies and Characterisation of Novel Prognostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. The study identified novel biomarker targets (proteins) for colorectal cancer - [Vertebrate Antibodies Joins Forces with Forsage Holdings Ltd](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/vertebrate-antibodies-joins-forces-with-forsage-holdings-ltd/) - March 2019- Joining forces with Forsage Holdings Ltd VERTEBRATE ANTIBODIES LTD (VAL) is delighted to announce a Strategic Alliance with Forsage Holdings Ltd (FH) Forsage Holdings Ltd is a dynamic and growth focused Irish family owned private Investment Company with investments in established and fast evolving growth businesses, spanning global telecommunications, software technologies and entrepreneurial ventures. - [Vertebrate Antibodies & Marinnovac Collaboration](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/vertebrate-antibodies-marinnovac-collaboration/) - Animal Pharm: The Vertebrate Antibodies and Marinnovac CollaborationThe new firm is based in O Porriño, Spain. It is aiming to fast-track fish and shrimp disease prevention strategies through collaborations. The firm’s focus is on autogenous, experimental and licensed vaccines, as well as diagnostic services. The company’s director – Panos Christofilogiannis – told Animal Pharm it - [Grants and Announcements](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/grants-and-announcements/) - A Timeline of Our Grants and AnnouncementsJanuary 2019- Strategic AllianceVERTEBRATE ANTIBODIES LTD (VAL) is pleased to announce that it has established a Strategic Alliance with MARINNOVAC LTD, an emerging international company in the field of aquaculture. MARINNOVAC Ltd is a cluster of visionary SMEs specialising in the development of novel vaccines and PCR-based assays for - [Vertebrate Antibodies - Publications](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/vertebrate-antibodies-publications/) - Vertebrate Antibodies – Publications Alnabulsi A, Cash B, Hu Y, Silina L, Alnabulsi A, Murray GI (2019). The expression of brown fat associated proteins in colorectal cancer and the relationship of uncoupling protein 1 with prognosis. Int J Cancer. PMID: 30737786. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32198. Veenstra KA, Alnabulsi A, Tubbs L, Arous JB, Secombes CJ (2019). Immunohistochemical - [October 2017 - Strategic partnership](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/october-2017-strategic-partnership/) - Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd has become a member of the Pivotal Scientific Limited (PSL) Alliance. PSL Alliance is created to facilitate the growth of members’ sales and improve their brand awareness (http://www.pivotalscientific.com/psl-alliance). - [July 2012](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/july-2012/) - Kick Start award in collaboration with Professor Graeme Murray, University of Aberdeen, with focus on the discovery of colorectal cancer biomarkers and the validation of antibodies towards them for use as prognostic agents. Outcome: The project targeted retinoic acid metabolising enzymes. Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for normal cell - [January 2012](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/january-2012/) - Knowledge Transfer and Exchange Award in collaboration with Dr Jun Zou at the Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre (SFIRC). The award aimed at developing assays to monitor vaccine performance in salmonids. Outcome: monoclonal antibodies are developed to key cytokines i.e. INFg. Quantitative and qualitative assays are being optimised by scientists at SFIRC (more update to - [January 2014](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/january-2014/) - SMART-SCOTLAND feasibility study award “Discovery of colorectal cancer biomarkers and validation of antibodies towards them for use as diagnostic or therapeutic agents”. Over the duration of 18 months and in collaboration with Professor Graeme Murray at Aberdeen University, the projects aims to deliver a portfolio of novel tumour biomarkers combined with clinical probes for diagnostic, - [April 2014](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/april-2014/) - CRT exclusive agreement: Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd reached an agreement with Cancer Research Technology (CRT) to exclusively license a number of their monoclonal antibodies for Research Only. The antibodies are specific towards the following human targets; BCLAF1, CCT2, CYP1A2, CYP1A, CYP2A6, CYP2E1, CYP2R1, CYP4F11, CYP4A11, CYP4V2, CYP4Z1, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, CYP7B1, CYP8B1, CYP26A1, CYP26B1, CYP26C1, CYP39A1, - [June 2014](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/june-2014/) - VAL new antibodies towards key immune targets in salmonids: In recent years, aquaculture has expanded significantly and become a major economic sector. In the last two decades, commercial vaccines have become available through research to prevent infectious diseases caused by some pathogens. However there is still a long way to go to develop effective vaccines - [October 2014](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/october-2014/) - VAL new antibodies towards key zebrafish targets: The antibodies are specific to zebrafish targets involved in key biological pathways including immunity, angiogenesis, tumour suppressors and drug metabolisers. The list are as follows; CD4, FOXP3, IFNγ(1), p53, MMP9, AKT1, FLT1, FGF1, TIMP2a, PXR and CYP3C1. Datasheets available on the zebrafish page. Kick Start Award (in progress) - [April 2015](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/april-2015/) - April 2015 – Development of monoclonal antibodies for parasite-specific molecules In April 2015 a European Union Horizon 2020 Project funded to support the prospective fish-farming industry has started. ParaFishControl (www.parafishcontrol.eu) overarching goal is to increase the sustainability and competitiveness of the European aquaculture industry by improving our understanding of fish-parasite interactions and by developing innovative - [March 2016 – Development of monoclonal antibodies to monitor animal’s health as part of European project](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/march-2016-development-of-monoclonal-antibodies-to-monitor-animals-health-as-part-of-european-project/) - VetBioNet is a European project funded under a call from Horizon 2020 for funding large research infrastructures. VetBioNet (http://www.vetbionet.eu/) overarching goal is to establish and maintain a comprehensive network of pre-eminent high-containment (BSL3) research facilities, academic institutes, international organisations and industry partners that is dedicated to advance research on epizootic and zoonotic diseases and to - [April 2017 - A landmark milestone](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/april-2017-a-landmark-milestone/) - VAL products catalogue has passed the 150 mark. The antibodies are towards key targets within a wide range of organisms for research and clinical applications, all of which are currently available for licensing from Cancer Research Technology at their Ximbio site (https://ximbio.com/organisation/48/vertebrate-antibodies-limited). ## Pages - [Home Page](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/) - Vertebrate Antibodies delivers research antibodies, recombinant proteins, and AI-driven products supporting human, veterinary, and fish health worldwide. - [About Us](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/about-us/) - Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd founded by a team of experienced research scientists from the University of Aberdeen. Innovative Antibody and Recombinant Solutions - [Datasheets](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/datasheets/) - View sample antibody datasheets from Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd. Transparent data on performance, validation, and applications for research. - [Partners & Scientific Advisors](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/partners-scientific-advisors/) - Meet the scientific advisors and partners of Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd. Experienced experts supporting innovation, and collaborative research worldwide. - [News](http://vertebrateantibodies.com/category/news/) - July 2011 New University spinout to help human and animal health A new biotech company has been spun out of the University of Aberdeen to provide new ‘tools’ to help researchers trying to understand the biology and process of diseases that affect humans and animals. Vertebrate Antibodies Limited will... (continue reading here) July 2012 Kick Start award - [Partnership](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/partnership/) - We engage in collaborative research and strategic partnerships:VAL is actively involved with collaborative research and strategic partnerships with the world’s leading research institutes. Our aim is to enhance the lives of animals and humans through developing high quality monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for research and clinical applications. Our experience in antibody technology and established links - [Contact us & How to order](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/contact-us/) - Contact us: info@epitogenx.com and info@vertebrateantibodies.com - [Other](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/miscellaneous/other/) - Explore fish antibodies for species including Nile tilapia, Gilt-head seabream, Meagre, Lumpsucker and 90% identical to Large yellow croaker & Mandarin fish. - [Management](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/management/) - Vertebrate Antibodies Limited (VAL) is an emerging biotech company with a wealth of experience in the development of high performance biologics - [Pathogen](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/pathogen/) - High quality pathogen antibodies for the scientific community Pathogenic bacteria, parasites and viruses are of great importance in human health (Respiratory Syncytial virus), food industry (Listeria monocytogenes) (as well as the health of farmed mammals (Bovine RS virus) and fish (Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus). VAL has generated a range of specific monoclonal antibodies to pathogens - [Miscellaneous](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/miscellaneous/) - High quality miscellaneous antibodies for the scientific community - [COVID-19 Assay](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/covid-19-assay/) - [Mammalian Antibodies](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/mammalian-antibodies/) - High quality mammalian antibodies for the scientific communityVertebrate Antibodies Ltd (VAL) produces a broad range of high-quality antibodies specific to a number of mammalian species. Through extensive collaborative studies, a large panel of monoclonal antibodies have been developed for novel targets. Antibodies are usually validated by ELISA, Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry on multi-normal and multi-tumour tissue - [Flagellins](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/flagellins/) - Flagellins are the structural components of the flagellum, a locomotory organ that enables bacterial motility. Usually, flagellins are viewed as virulence factors employed by bacteria to invade host cells. But recent research has shown that flagellins are a potent immune activator, shaping both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity during microbial infections. Consequently, flagellins - [Differential EpitoGen® SARS-CoV-2 ELISA assay](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/covid-19-assay/differential-epitogen-sars-cov-2-elisa-assay/) - COVID-19 serology assays by Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd. Reliable SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection kits designed for accurate serological research studies. - [Universal EpitoGen® SARS-CoV-2 ELISA assay](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/covid-19-assay/universal-epitogen-sars-cov-2-elisa-assay/) - COVID-19 serology assays by Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd. Reliable SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection kits designed for accurate serological studies. - [Research Antibodies for Turkey](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/bird/turkey/) - Discover research antibodies for avian species, including turkey, from Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd. Reliable reagents for veterinary research. - [Chicken](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/bird/chicken/) - Monoclonal antibodies for research in birds: a range of antibodies corresponding to a wide range of antigen targets from Gallus gallus (chicken). - [Product Categories](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/product-categories/) - Explore Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd’s range of mammalian, fish, bird, and pathogen antibodies. High-quality reagents for research, diagnostics, and innovation. - [IHC Validation Service](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/ihc-validation-service/) - High-quality antibody validation service: immunohistochemistry and staining solutions designed to deliver precise, reproducible results. - [Custom Antibody Production](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/custom-antibody-production-service/) - Custom antibody production by Vertebrate Antibodies. Tailored monoclonal, polyclonal, and nanobodies designed for precise research and diagnostics. - [Ovis](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/mammalian-antibodies/ovis/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in diverse species, including Ovis - [Virus Antibodies](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/pathogen/virus-antibodies/) - Monoclonal Antibodies: Human Respiratory Syncytial (RS) virus (Fusion glycoprotein, glycoprotein G, glycoprotein F,nucleoprotein VPN41, PhosphoproteinVP32) and Salmon Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Viral protein (VP3) - [Parasite Antibodies](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/pathogen/parasite-antibodies/) - Anti-PKD antibodies to novel antigens:Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae parasite - [Bacteria Antibodies](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/pathogen/bacteria-antibodies/) - Antibodies to Listeria monocytogenes antigen 2 protein - [Rodents](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/mammalian-antibodies/rodents/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in diverse species, including rats and mice. - [Rabbit](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/mammalian-antibodies/rabbit/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in diverse species, including rabbits. - [Porcine](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/mammalian-antibodies/porcine/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in diverse species, including porcine. - [Human](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/mammalian-antibodies/human/) - Monoclonal Antibodies for Research: Explore our extensive catalog of high-quality monoclonal antibodies, an essential tool for life science research. - [Equus](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/mammalian-antibodies/equus/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in diverse species, including horses. - [Dog](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/mammalian-antibodies/dog/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in diverse species, including dogs. - [Bovine](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/mammalian-antibodies/bovine/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in diverse species, including bovine. - [Zebrafish](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/fish/zebrafish/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in diverse fish species, including zebrafish. - [Stickleback](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/fish/stickleback/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in diverse fish species, including stickleback - [Shark](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/fish/shark/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in shark. - [Salmonids](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/fish/salmonids/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in diverse fish species, including salmonids. - [Duck](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/bird/duck/) - Monoclonal antibodies for research in birds: Duck protein targets. - [Carp](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/fish/carp/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in diverse fish species, including carp. - [Products](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/) - Lyme ELISAs. 200+ mAbs/pAbs (human, veterinary & fish) and 300+ antigens incl. OspC, VlsE, OspA; IA-2, GAD65, Insulin, ZnT8; active flagellins. - [Mission statement](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/mission-statement/) - At Val, our mission is to provide the scientific community with high-quality antibodies for research applications across a wide range of species, including lower vertebrates. We are committed to supporting research and medical science and ultimately improving animal health. - [How to order](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/how-to-order/) - Ready to get started? Find all the information you need to contact us and place your order - [Recombinant Service](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/recombinant-service/) - Get high-quality recombinant proteins for your research. Our service specializes in expressing complex targets in their native, active conformation, but can also produce denatured proteins when your project requires it - [Fish](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/fish/) - Explore our specialized catalog of monoclonal antibodies for research in fish species: salmonids, zebrafish, carp and stickleback. - [Bird](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/products/bird/) - Antibodies to protein targets sequences from Chicken, Duck and Turkey - [Terms of Service](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/terms-of-service/) - Terms of ServiceVertebrate Antibodies Limited Terms and Conditions These Terms of USe (“Terms“) apply to your access to and use of any website of Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd. (“Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd”, “we,” or “use”), including www.Vertebrate Antibodies.com (collectively, the “Site”). These Terms do not alter in any way the terms or conditions of any other agreement - [Privacy Policy](https://vertebrateantibodies.com/privacy-policy/) - Privacy PolicyVertebrate Antibodies Limited Privacy Policy This Privacy Policy explains how information about you is collected, used and disclosed by Vertebrate Antibodies Ltd. (“Vertebrate Antibodies”, “we” or “us“). This Privacy Policy applies to information we collect when you use our website. 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